Unit I

Introduction to Pharmacognosy

(a) Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins)

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Classification of drugs

Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and sero taxonomical classification of drugs

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Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin

Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.

Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants, camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida

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Unit II

Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin

Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant hormones and their applications.
Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants

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Conservation of medicinal plants

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Unit III

Plant tissue culture

Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines

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Unit IV

Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine

Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine

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Introduction to secondary metabolites

Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins

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Unit V

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following drugs

Plant Products

Fibers – Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens

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Primary metabolites

General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites

Carbohydrates

Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey

Proteins and Enzymes

Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin)

Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils)

Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax

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Marine Drugs

Novel medicinal agents from marine sources

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