Unit I

Benzene and its derivatives

A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule

B. Reactions of benzene – nitration, sulphonation, halogenation- reactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation

C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction

D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine

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Unit II

Phenols

Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols

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Aromatic Amines

Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts

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Aromatic Acids

Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid

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Unit III

Fats and Oils

a. Fatty acids – reactions

b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils

c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination

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Unit IV

Polynuclear hydrocarbons

a. Synthesis, reactions

b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives

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Unit V

Cyclo alkanes

Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only

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