Unit I

Introduction

Definition and significances in nursing
Review of structure, composition and functions of cell
Prokaryote and Eukaryote cell organization
Microscopy

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Unit II

Structure and functions of cell membrane

Fluid mosaic model tight junction, Cytoskeleton
Transport mechanism: diffusion, osmosis, filtration, active channel, sodium pump
Acid base balance-maintenance & diagnostic test
PH buffers

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Unit III

Composition and metabolism of Carbohydrates

Types, structure, composition and uses
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Oligosaccharides
Metabolism
Pathways of glucose :
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis : Cori’s cycle, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
Glycogenolysis
Pentose phosphate pathways (Hexose mono phosphate)
Regulation of blood glucose level
Investigations and their interpretations

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Unit IV

Composition and metabolism of Lipids

Types, structure, composition and uses of fatty acids
Nomenclature, Roles and Prostaglandins
Metabolism of fatty acid
Breakdown
Synthesis
Metabolism of triacylglycerols
Cholesterol metabolism
Biosynthesis and its Regulation
Blle Salts and billubin
Vitamin D
Steroid hormones
Lipoproteins and their functions :
VLDLs-IDLs, LDLs and HDLs
Transport of lipids
Atherosclerosis
Investigations and their interpretations

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Unit V

Composition and metabolism of Amino acids and Proteins

Types, structure, composition and uses of Amino acids and proteins
Metabolism of Amino acids and proteins
Protein synthesis, targeting and glycosylation
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Sequencing
Metabolism of nitrogen
Electrophoresis
Sequencing
Metabolism of Nitrogen
Fixation and Assimilation
Urea Cycle
Hemes and Chlorophylls
Enzymes and co-enzymes
Classification
Properties
Kinetics and inhibition
Control
Investigations and their Interpretations

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Unit VI

Composition of Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins and minerals:
Structure
Classification
Properties
Absorption
Storage & transportation
Normal concentration
Investigations and their interpretations

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Unit VII

Immune chemistry

Immune response,
Structure and classification of immunoglobins
Mechanism of antibody production
Antigens: HLA typing.
Free radical and antioxidants
Specialised protein: Collagen, Elastin, Karatin, Myosin, Lens Protein.
Electrophoretic and Quantitative determination of immunoglobins – ELISA etc.
Investigations and their Interpretations

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